Unlike the June 2025 strikes, which US President Donald Trump said curbed Iran’s nuclear capabilities, the current conflict has spread across at least a dozen countries, closed the Strait of Hormuz – the world’s major oil artery – and killed more than 2,300 people in the region. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED), an independent conflict monitor, has documented nearly 2,000 distinct events across at least 29 of Iran’s 31 provinces, with Tehran enduring the heaviest bombardments. The deadliest single incident occurred in the city of Minab in southeastern Iran, where a strike on an elementary girls’ school killed more than 170 people, most of them schoolgirls. Meanwhile, Israel continues to bombard the Gaza Strip daily, closing all crossings into the Palestinian enclave, and has stopped the flow of aid, violating the ceasefire agreement from October 10. According to the US military’s Central Command (CENTCOM), it has utilised more than 20 distinct weapons systems across air, sea, land, and missile defence forces. Iran’s missiles include the medium-range ballistic Shahab-3, which can travel more than 1,900km and has been deployed against Israel and used to attack energy infrastructure in the Gulf states.